Callogénesis in vitro para la inducción de embriogénesis somática y producción de antioxidantes en Eugenia uniflora

Eugenia uniflora is an American tree species with ecological, agronomical and medicinal importance. However, just few studies have focused on the in vitro propagation and production of secondary metabolites. This study investigated the explant sources and culture conditions for the in vitro callogenesis in E. uniflora towards induction of somatic embryogenesis and production of antioxidant compounds. Nodal segments, leaf sections and root segments from in vitro germinated seeds were used as explants and eight different combinations of auxins (2,4-D or NAA) and cytokinins (BAP or TDZ) were tested for the callus induction. The best callogenic response was observed in nodal segments, followed by leaf sections. Root segments presented comparatively poorer callogenic performance. Calli from nodal segments cultivated in MS medium with NAA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) originated putative pro-embryogenic structures, while the culture in liquid medium using MS supplemented with NAA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) revealed significantly higher content of phenols and flavonoids, as well as higher reducing capacity than the tested treatments and the control (fresh leaves). In summary, the calli obtained from nodal segments revealed competence for somatic embryogenesis induction and development as well as the production of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical potential.Eugenia uniflora es una especie arbórea americana de importancia ecológica, agronómica y medicinal. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han centrado en la propagación y producción in vitro de metabolitos secundarios. Este estudio investigó las fuentes de explantes y las condiciones de cultivo para la callogénesis in vitro en E. uniflora para la inducción de embriogénesis somática y la producción de compuestos antioxidantes. Se utilizaron segmentos nodales, secciones de hojas y segmentos de raíz de semillas germinadas in vitro como explantes y se probaron ocho combinaciones diferentes de auxinas (2,4-D o ANA) y citoquininas (BAP o TDZ) para la formación de callos. La mejor respuesta callogénica se observó en segmentos nodales, seguidos de secciones foliares. Los segmentos de raíz presentaron un rendimiento callogénico comparativamente menor. Los callos de segmentos nodales cultivados en medio de cultivo MS con ANA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) originaron estructuras proembriogénicas putativas, mientras que el cultivo en MS medio líquido con ANA (10 mM) + TDZ (5 mM) reveló un contenido significativamente mayor de fenoles y flavonoides, así como una mayor capacidad reductora que los tratamientos probados y el control (hojas frescas). En resumen, los callos obtenidos de segmentos nodales revelaron competencia para la inducción y el desarrollo de embriogénesis somática, así como para la producción de metabolitos secundarios con potencial farmacéutico

Aplicação de acibenzolar-s-methyl em trigo no controle alternativo de Gibberella zea

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose, época e número de aplicação ideais de ácido metil salicílico (ASM) para o controle da giberela durante a antese e sua influência sobre as características agronômicas da cultura do trigo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial triplo 2x3x4, sendo duas cultivares de trigo, três épocas de aplicação e quatro doses, com três repetições. Avaliou-se o tamanho da espiga, peso da espiga, número de grãos por espiga, número de espiguetas estéreis por espiga, incidência e severidade de giberela, peso de mil grãos e produtividade. As variáveis analisadas foram submetidas à análise de variância e quando significativas os fatores qualitativos foram submetidas à comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, e para os fatores quantitativos, realizou-se a análise de regressão. Duas aplicações de ASM, realizadas no início + ½ da antese condicionam menor número de espiguetas estéreis na cultura do trigo. A dose de 37,5 g ha-1 de ASM proporciona baixos percentuais de incidência e severidade de giberela em grãos de trigo, sugerindo inserção do ASM no manejo integrado da doença. A dose de 12,5 g ha-1 de ASM condiciona incremento na produtividade de trigo

EDUCAÇÃO ESTÉTICA DO IDOSO PELA INCLUSÃO DIGITAL

This research project has as delimiting central theme and also central question whether digital inclusion of elderly enable increasing their aesthetic education. Being its specific goals study what is aesthetic education, using the theoretical framework the German philosopher Friedrich Schiller, conceptualize what is senior and define digital inclusion. Its relevance is the increment that Beauty favors the increased awareness of self, others and their environment. The population and sample will be among the students of the University of maturity (UMA), extension course of Pedagogy of the University of Tocantins in Palmas / TO campus and as a sample of eighteen individuals without mental abnormalities or loss, of both sexes, above sixty years. A qualitative study will be used as a qualitative methodological strategy the Focus Group. The data will be analyzed in order to assess the perception of the respondents in relation to specific goals. Case study. The project will be submitted to the Ethics Committee on Human Research of the Federal University of Tocantins as required by Resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council under No. 179/2012 and shall be applied only after approval. Have hypothesized that through digital inclusion the elderly will have more access to different forms of arts and therefore broaden the chances of their meeting with the aesthetic education.Este projeto de pesquisa tem como delimitação de tema e também questão central se a inclusão digital do idoso viabiliza o aumento de sua educação estética. Sendo seus objetivos específicos estudar o que é educação estética, utilizando como marco teórico o filósofo alemão Friedrich Schiller, conceituar o idoso e definir inclusão digital. Sua relevância é o incremento que a Beleza favorece no aumento da consciência do eu, do outro e de seu meio. A população e amostra será entre os alunos da Universidade da Maturidade (UMA), curso de extensão da Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins no campus de Palmas/TO, tendo como amostra dezoito indivíduos sem perda ou anormalidades mentais, de ambos os sexos, acima de sessenta anos. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa. Utilizar-se-á como estratégia metodológica qualitativa o Grupo Focal. Os dados serão analisados com o objetivo de avaliar a percepção dos entrevistados em relação aos objetivos específicos. Delineamento de estudo de caso. O projeto será submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal do Tocantins conforme preconiza a Resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde sob o Nº 179/2012 e somente serão aplicados após sua aprovação. Tem como hipótese que através da inclusão digital o idoso terá mais acesso a diferentes formas de artes e por consequência, ampliará as chances de seu encontro com a educação estética

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

AESTHETIC EDUCATION OF ELDERLY BY DIGITAL INCLUSION

This research project has as delimiting central theme and also central question whether digital inclusion of elderly enable increasing their aesthetic education. Being its specific goals study what is aesthetic education, using the theoretical framework the German philosopher Friedrich Schiller, conceptualize what is senior and define digital inclusion. Its relevance is the increment that Beauty favors the increased awareness of self, others and their environment. The population and sample will be among the students of the University of maturity (UMA), extension course of Pedagogy of the University of Tocantins in Palmas / TO campus and as a sample of eighteen individuals without mental abnormalities or loss, of both sexes, above sixty years. A qualitative study will be used as a qualitative methodological strategy the Focus Group. The data will be analyzed in order to assess the perception of the respondents in relation to specific goals. Case study. The project will be submitted to the Ethics Committee on Human Research of the Federal University of Tocantins as required by Resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council under No. 179/2012 and shall be applied only after approval. Have hypothesized that through digital inclusion the elderly will have more access to different forms of arts and therefore broaden the chances of their meeting with the aesthetic education

Somatic embryogenesis and de novo shoot organogenesis can be alternatively induced by reactivating pericycle cells in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners) root explants

This study demonstrated that somatic embryogenesis and de novo shoot organogenesis-based systems of root-derived Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) explants can be alternatively induced by exogenous supply of auxin or cytokinin. Somatic embryogenesis was observed when root explants were cultured in the dark on Murashige and Skoog-based medium supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Somatic embryos were differentiated by transferring embryonic calluses to an embryo conversion phase medium containing 2 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) to promote full plantlet development. Regarding de novo shoot organogenesis, the addition of 4 μM of either BA or zeatin was the most effective treatment for inducing adventitious shoot buds. A detailed histological characterization of somatic embryogenesis and de novo shoot organogenesis showed that both morphogenetic processes shared the same cellular origin. The formation of somatic embryos and adventitious shoot buds occurred through the reactivation of pericycle and vascular parenchyma cells into proembryos and meristemoids, respectively, which consisted of meristematic cells with similar characteristics. These results provide further evidence of optimization of in vitro propagation as a useful approach to improve this important ornamental species

Luteal changes after treatment with sub-luteolytic doses of prostaglandin (cloprostenol sodium) in cattle

This study characterizes the physiological and morphological changes related to partial luteolysis in bovine corpus luteum (CL) after challenges with sub-doses of cloprostenol sodium on Day 6 (D6) of the estrous cycle. Cows (n =12/treatment) were treated as follows: Control (2 mL, saline, i.m.); 2XPGF (two treatments i.m. 500 mu g of cloprostenol sodium 2 h apart) and 1/6PGF (83.3 mu g of cloprostenol sodium, i.m., once). Plasma progesterone (P4) concentration, CL volume and blood flow were measured immediately before the treatments, then every 8 h (h) for 48 h. In the Control, P4 concentrations were higher at 48 h than at Oh. P4 decreased 8 h after 2XPGF treatment (P< 0.05), and remained low until the end of the trial. P4 decreased in 1/6PGF between 8 and 16 h (P< 0.05), then began to rebound at 24 h. Luteal volume was higher in Controls at 48 h than at Oh. Under 1/6PGF, luteal volume decreased at 24 h (P <0.05) and began to rebound at 32 h. Luteal volume and blood flow were reduced starting at 24 and 32 h, respectively, after 2XPGF treatment (P< 0.05). In this study, we were able to describe the partial luteolysis phenomenon, induced by a treatment of a D6CL with cloprostenol sub-dose.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data